故事原文:
孔子厄于陈蔡,从者七日不食。子贡以所赍货,窃犯围而出,告籴于野人,得米一石焉,颜回、仲由炊之于壤屋之下,有埃墨堕饭中,颜回取而食之。子贡自井望见之,不悦,以为窃食也。入问孔子曰:“仁人廉士穷改节乎?”孔子曰:“改节即何称于仁廉哉?”子贡曰:“若回也,其不改节乎?”子曰:“然。”子贡以所饭告孔子,子曰:“吾信回之为仁久矣,虽汝有云,弗以疑也,其或者必有故乎?汝止,吾将问之。”召颜回曰:“畴昔予梦见先人,岂或启佑我哉?子炊而进饭,吾将进焉!”对曰:“向有埃墨堕饭中,欲置之则不洁,欲弃之则可惜,回即食之。不可祭也。”孔子曰:“然乎,吾亦食之。”颜回出,孔子顾谓二三子曰:“吾之信回,非待今日也!”二三子由此乃服之。
——摘自《孔子家语》
张讲师讲解:
孔子被困于陈国与蔡国之间,跟随的人已经七天没有吃东西了。
子贡的家境算是孔子这么多徒弟里面最好的。他随身带着行囊,偷偷地溜出去。因为外面的人其实不是要杀他们,只是要把他们看管起来而已。所以他想个办法溜了出去,用他身上带的货财拿去换东西吃。
子贡走了很久很久,才碰到一个旁边村里面的人,他说:“我拿钱跟你换几斤米怎么样?”好不容易才换回来了一石米。
颜回、仲由拿到米煮了起来,这时,屋檐上有黑黑的灰飘到了饭里面,只拿灰又拿不起来,所以颜回就用手抓出一撮已经快熟的米,扔掉又可惜,放回去又污染了整锅的米,干脆就把这脏脏的米放进自己嘴巴吃掉了。
子贡从三合院窗户外面正好看到:“呀,还没煮熟就偷吃?好你个颜回,孔夫子最疼你,竟敢如此偷吃。”
子贡就进去问孔子说:“仁人廉士,在困穷的时候、肚子饿的时候会改节吗?”
孔子说:“如果穷困就改节,那就不配称为仁人廉士啦!”
子贡又问孔子:“你最疼的颜回,你认为他会不会穷困就改节?”
孔子答:“不会,他一定是仁义的。”
子贡就把颜回怎么偷吃米的事情告诉了孔子。
孔子说:“我相信颜回不是一两天而已,虽然你是这样说,但是我内心还是不怀疑,或者有什么关系吧。你稍待,我来问问他。”
孔子把颜回召进来说:“我昨晚梦见我的祖先来看我,今日就有米可以吃,我想应该是祖先保佑,去把你煮好的饭拿进来,我先要祭祀一下祖先再吃。”
颜回说:“刚刚有黑灰飞到饭里面,一直给它煮呢,又不干净,大家看了一定不高兴,想要把它丢掉,这样舀起来一勺把它丢掉太可惜了,我就把夹着黑灰的那一撮饭吃了,因为人已经吃过,不能祭祀了。”
孔子没有跟颜回说子贡在告他偷吃,孔子比较高明,没有破坏他们师兄弟的情谊。
孔子跟颜回说:“哦,是这样。我也饿了,那我们就开始吃饭吧。”孔子很高兴,胃口大开。
孔子把颜回召进来的时候,子贡还有另两三个学生都在场,孔子就回头跟子贡他们说:“我相信颜回,不是等到今天才相信,我相信他一定有缘故的。”
孔子说三月不违仁的只有谁?只有颜回。
从今而后,这些其他的徒弟开始真正地信服颜回了。
——摘自张庆祥讲《论语》第126集
——来自电子报第三百四十期
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